Petrography of coal pdf merge

Extracted coal is transported by trucks to zarand coal washery, which is 65 km south of pabedana coal mine fig. Petrography of coal coke fuel bituminous coal free. Pdf in this study, maceral groups in 15 samples from the central alborz coal mine of iran. Prediction of coal grindability based on petrography. Coal petrography as a problem solving tool bright hub. Effects of chemical composition and petrography of coal for. It is one of a suite of standards which applies specifically to coal petrography. Tom cole, quality control supervisor, crows nes resourcet ltd.

The maceral classification system was developed to parallel the mineral classification methodologies and is designed to give information on coal utilization. A comprehensive overview of coal 5 coal reserves showing regional shares at end of 2003 europe and eurasia 36% asia pacific 30% north america 26% africa 6% south and central america 2% middle east coal reserves less than 1% of total reserves source. For these purposes a large number of samples were collected following the pillar sampling method and were subjected to detailed. Coal petrography specifically deals with the analysis of microscopic constituents in coal. The coalpro iii optical petrography system from craic technologies is a microphotometer designed for the organic petrographic analysis using standard test methodologies iso 74045 and astm d2798. Pdf coal petrographic laboratory procedures and safety manual, ii. Coal pellet preparation for petrographic analysis of coal. The supporting text provides an introductory overview of coal exploration, mining, and coalbed methane cbm development, followed by discussions on various megascopic aspects of coal geology. Second edition, 1963, international committee for coal and organic petrology, 2001 cd rom.

Coal petrography, however, remains important for the prediction. Interlaboratory comparisons of petrography of liquefaction. Effects of chemical composition and petrography of coal for coalbed methane evaluation with special reference to insitu gas content b. Petrography is mainly used as a tool to evaluate bituminous coals in terms of. Area of vitrite in polished thin section of bituminous coal from upper freeport coal, indiana. Within the framework of phase a of the sinogerman research initiative leadmanaged by dlr german aerospace centre micropetrographical and fuel chemistry investigations were applied aiming at an investigation of spontaneous combustion of coals at. Petrographic characterization of coal using automatic image. The classification of rocks is based on the information acquired during the petrographic analysis. Friability and previous oxidation of the coal are also important factors in the self.

A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Craig department of geological sciences virginia polytechnic institute and state university blacksburg, virginia david j. Introduction coal grindability is a complex property related to coal hardness, strength, tenacity and fracture. Petrographic characterization and evolution of the. Pdf dictionary of geology and mineralogy naiyar imam. The 12 coal channel samples were obtained from 5 coal beds that span about 244 m or 800 ft of stratigraphic section in the pocahontas and new river formations of early pennsylvanian age. Determining some attributes of coal may require microscopic examination, called petrography, which is a subset of petrology. Zarand coal washery is one of the biggest coal concentration plants in southwest of asia.

Pdf on sep 1, 2002, james c hower and others published international handbook of coal petrography. Several studies have been published on the petrography of coal in berau basin, but few works have been carried out only for miocene coal of latih formation 12, 14. Vaughan department of geology the university of manchester manchester, u. Organic petrography of coal is divided between two major classification systems, each with its own purpose.

For soft coking coal the limit of gray king value is g min. Petrography is a branch of petrology that focuses on detailed descriptions of rocks. Sgs can provide a full range of coal, coke, and byproduct petrographic services. The maceral composition of the coal is variable, however the macerals of vitrinite. Petrographic analyses of singleseam coals provide information about the rank, the maceral and microlithotype compositions and the distribution of mineral matter in the coal. The result of the coal petrography analysis in the research area table 2 shows the abundance of vitrinite maceral group dominated by desmocolinit maceral figure 3, followed by inertinite maceral group, and the least are by liptinite masculine group. Coal composition is popularly characterized in terms of macerals which are the microscopically recognizable individual constituents of coal. Pdf petrography of some coal from the balkan basin, bulgaria. An evolving science article pdf available in journal south african institute of mining and metallurgy 111.

In fact, onefourth of all known coal in the world is in the united states, with large deposits located in 38 states. The united states has more coal reserves than any other country in the world. Chemical analyses and physical properties of 12 coal samples. An attempt will be made to show that validation and integration of petrographic, chemical and sem data is crucial to the development of a viable database in coal mining.

These techniques are still used in modern coal petrography. Coal deposits and properties 19 table 23 ownership of coal deposits by industry in the united states4 industry classification oil companies railroads coal companies mining companies electric utilities steel companies other groups total federal government number of companies 20 10 8 9 16 7 42 242 coal reserve 106 tons 46,289 24,3 16,970. Coal characterisation by automated coal petrography. Petrography of liquefaction residues from the beulahzap lignite vol. This volume of the atlas of coal geology provides 393 images on various subject matters related to coal deposits and coal resource utilization. In commercial operations, the price of coal not only. Recommended procedures and methodology of coal description. The type of char formed can depend on the macerals present, the rank of the coal, the particle size. Nov 02, 2014 petrographic analysis is performed to characterize coals eg exploration programs, to confirm expectations of coals eg.

In one type of petrography, coal is ground down into fine particles, combined with epoxy, and put. Modeling introduction the operation of blast furnaces with coal natural gas injection requires high coke quality. In methods of optical microscopy, for example, the specimen may be viewed in air or in immersion. Pdf in situ gasification of coal, a natural example. Coalpro for vitrinite reflectance craic technologies. Pearson coal petrography provides microscopic evaluations of coking coals, steam coals, metallurgical cokes, and carbons, from state of theart laboratories located in canada, the united states, and australia. The primary difference in the interlaboratory comparisons lies in the interpretation of unreacted macerals, with laboratory 1 consistently table 4. The international journal of coal geology deals with fundamental and applied aspects of the geology and petrology of coal, oilgas.

Petrography of coal coke fuel bituminous coal free 30. Coal petrology is concerned with the origin, composition and properties of the distinct organic and inorganic components of different coals. Novel automatic coal petrography system based on image analysis has been developed which allows maceral reflectance and composition measurement to be carried outthe principle is that maceral. Petrography of pine pas coals s dear tom, we are pleased to provide you wit h our report on the. This manual is a muchneeded revision of an earlier usgs publication, coal petrographic laboratory procedures and safety manual moore and stanton, 1985.

There are different methods for estimating coal strength and hardness. All these properties are influenced by coal rank, petrography, and the type and distribution of minerals sun and horsfield, 2005. This chapter describes the basics of petrographic analysis including lithology, the classification of macerals, minerals and their associated rocks, selection from the coal handbook. Petrography of coal free download as powerpoint presentation. Jun 18, 2016 in the present study an attempt has been made to carry out the detailed petrographic characterization of the karharbari coals of talcher coalfield and to reconstruct the paleoenvironment conditions of coal formation using macerals and microlithtotypes as a tool. Sasaki, automatic maceral analysis of lowrank coal brown coal, international journal of coal geology, 14, 12, 103, 1989. Stopes of great britain made seminal contributions to the development of. In one type of petrography, coal is ground down into fine particles, combined with epoxy, and put into molds to form a pellet. Bp 2004 gas reserves showing regional shares at end of 2003. For these purposes a large number of samples were collected following the pillar sampling method and were subjected to. The development of new sample preparation and analysis techniques has necessitated both an overhaul of many established procedures and the adoption of new ones. For lowest coke cost while keeping the necessary coke quality, the choice of coals and the formulation of the blend is a very important issue. In zarand coal processing was commenced in 1978 with a capacity of 2 million tons of raw coal with 61% production efficiency.

Stachs textbook of coal petrology schweizerbart science. Petrographic analysis, coal analysis, kentucky geological. Sedimentology and petrography of sajau coal formation in. Iorganic and inorganic geochemistry of coal fangui zeng encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 2.

Petrography is a branch of geology that is applied to concrete and concrete raw materials. With most coals differences in texture are apparent. Petrography of graphitized coal in the least altered sample jzs3, vitrinite occurring as collotelinite and collodetrinite, and fusinite occurring as pyrofusinite, degradofusinite, macrinite, and inertodetrinite can be identified under the microscope, but no liptinite is observed figs. Pearson coal petrography provides microscopic evaluations of coking coals, steam coals, metallurgical cokes, and carbons, from stateoftheart laboratories located in canada, the united states, and australia. Coal, oil shale, natural bitumen, heavy oil and peat vol. Chen is engaged mainly in clean coal technology, particularly researching efficient, rational, clean, and comprehensive coal utilization technology. Coal coal is the most plentiful fuel in the fossil family. Microscopically, the organic portion of coals is composed of individual components called. Petrographic descriptions start with the field notes at the. Recent research on the origin of coal macerals is presented and there is a discussion of the problems and challenges facing coal petrologists.

Chaudhuri and ghose17 used coal petrography as a tool for deciding the blend proportion for coke making. Someone who studies petrography is called a petrographer. Depositional history of the fire clay coal bed late. Data collection sampling and sample preparation for quantitative petrographic analysis, it is important that coal samples should be representative of the parent material. A holistic approach to studies of the origin of coal and coal macerals, which includes not only petrographic but also chemical and biological studies, is advocated. Soft coking coals have lower mmr while hard coking coals have higher mmr. Report as a pdf file with a list of reflectance values for vitrinite.

Major groups of macerals are liptinite, vitrinite, and inertinite. Chemical analyses and physical properties of 12 coal. Coal in the seam 4031 have a high ash content of 18. Coal petrography, which includes both the microscopic identification of the different constituents of coal and the determination of coal rank by measurement of vitrinite reflectance, is a very important tool in the characterization of coal deposits and coal products stach, et al. A maceral is the smallest recognizable individual constituent of a coal grain.

Coal petrographic laboratory procedures and safety manual, ii. Visual examination of coal in the seam or in large pieces shows that it is not homogeneous throughout its mass. This standard was prepared by the standards australia committee mn1, coal and coke to supersede as 20611989, preparation of coal samples for incident light microscopy. Mechanical properties handbook of coal analysis wiley. In fact, onefourth of all known coal in the world is in the united states, with large deposits located. Coal type is related to the type of plant material in the peat and the extent of its biochemical and chemical alteration.

The importance of coal and coke properties in the production of high silicon alloys 405 3. Coal petrography article about coal petrography by the free. Volatile matter undergoes changes within the range 33. It is the intent of this course to deal with the very broad aspects of coal petrology. Gray king coke type the value of the gray king is to be g 5 minimum in coking coals. Coal petrography article about coal petrography by the. Crossref jin kuili, xia jian and hao duohu, the use of automated coal petrography in determining maceral group composition and the reflectance of vitrinite, international journal of coal geology. Pdf the effect of particle size on coal maceral groups separation. The founders of coal petrography in the ussr were iu. Facts and figures on a fossil fuel our coal atlas contains the latest facts and figures on the use of coal and its environmental and social consequences. The petrographic consti tutions for the rom coals are shown.

Changes occurring during pyrolysis determine the morphology of the char and the char types present affect the overall combustion efficiency. All three analyses are useful in comparing new coal feeds to current sources, determining blend composition, organic and inorganic associations, major mineral. Ore microscopy and ore petrography second edition james r. The permian coal in the muja coal measures of collie basin of western australia has a subdued lustre because of the fine laminations of lithotypes, and the dominance of dull and dull banded lithotypes with minor bright, bright banded and fusinous types. Review on modeling of coal blends for prediction of coke. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Coal petrography is the technique used to identify, examine, classify and apply the information obtained from a microscopic study of these entities in coal. Coal sampling and analysis standards 4 abstract each year, billions of tonnes of coal are traded in regional and international market for use in power generation, steel and cement making, and many other purposes.

With more than 60 detailed graphics, the atlas illustrates the coal industrys impact on nature, health, labour, human rights and politics. The coal type is dependent upon the depositional environment of the coal. Coal petrography in 2015 uj acquired a new petrographic system for coal and carbon analyses, at a total cost of r1. Coal petrography coal petrography is used to determine a coal s rank degree of coalification and type amount and type of macerals. Mean maximum reflectance mmr the value of mmr in coking coals vary in the range of 0. Macerals in coal are analogous to minerals and are determined by examining polished specimens of minus 20 mesh prepared coal. Coal petrography employs various methods of investigation. Pdf chemical and petrographic classification of kerogen. Coal petrography the description of the components of coal as studied macroscopically and in thin and polished sections under the microscope. Coal petrography is a microscopic technique used to determine a coal s rank degree of coalification and type amount and category of macerals. Organic petrology and geochemistry of coal in the muja. Petrography is used as a tool to evaluate bituminous coals and coal blends in terms of their ability to produce blast furnace coke.

Maceral analysis 1 scope this standard sets out a procedure for the maceral analysis of coal, aimed at obtaining the proportion of each maceral occurring within a coal, expressed as a volume percentage. Therefore an evaluation of mineral assemblages can suggest the physico chemical conditions in the peat swamps. Coal petrography coal petrography is a microscopic technique used to determine a coals rank degree of coalification and type amount and type of macerals on polished specimens of minus 20 mesh prepared coal. The analysis results of maceral content and vitrinite reflectant of mallawa coal. Devraju3 summary coalbed methane cbm or coalbed gas has gained considerable ground as an unconventional source of energy in the recent past. International energy outlook 2016 ieo2016 reference case, coal remains the secondlargest energy source worldwide behind petroleum and other liquidsuntil 2030. Research articles microscopic evaluation of coal and. Falcon, university of witwatersrand, south africa abstract. Extensive work on coal petrography in relation to carbonization of indian cokingcaking coals has been carried out in our laboratory. Geochemical and petrographic analysis of graphitized coals. The reflectance of vitrinite is a useful measure of coal rank and the distribution of the reflectance of vitrinite in a coal blend. Although there is little doubt that some minerals present in coal are detrital, a large proportion are authigenic. Scientists who examine coal under a microscope are called coal petrographers.

This technique examines and evaluates the optical properties and microstructural characteristics of the materials. Coal petrography has gained importance in order to understand how combustion behaves from the fuel side. The classification of coal macerals is set out in appendix a. Petrographic characterization and evolution of the karharbari. Petrographic analysis for concrete begins by accepting an aggregate for use in concrete astm c295. The development of coal petrology and the establishment of a nomenclatural system have proved of major use both for the industrial utilization. From 2030 through 2040, it is the thirdlargest energy source, behind both liquid fuels and natural gas. In the process of doing this, the authors intend to point out many of the areas in which the science has been applied to geological and various production problems and also to suggest some areas where future work may be of value. Automated coal petrography for macerals characterization. The purpose of coal petrology is to study the optically homogenous aggregates of organic matter that possess distinct physical and chemical properties scott, 2002. Coal petrography is a standard method for characterising the organic maceral and inorganic mineral constituents of coal.

Producers and users of coal and coke rely on sgs, an industry leader in coal petrology, for independent, globally recognized coal petrographic analysis. New studies combining c nmr with pyrolysis gcms have. The organic petrography service delivers information about source rock type and associated organic matter. In the present study an attempt has been made to carry out the detailed petrographic characterization of the karharbari coals of talcher coalfield and to reconstruct the paleoenvironment conditions of coal formation using macerals and microlithtotypes as a tool. This microphotometer is configured to measure the reflectance from coals, kerogens and petroleum source rock. Until this time there has been no detailed and systematic coal petrography study conducted for the sajau coal lignite in berau basin figure 1. The test is performed according to the standards as2856.